Studies and references

All sources and scientific studies are collected on this page

Study: Nucleotides for the Immune System

Did you know that intensive training - especially in cold environments - can weaken your immune system in the short term? This can make you more susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections.

After 30 days of nucleotide supplementation, athletes had more stable immune markers such as lymphocytes and salivary IgA.

These markers are important because they protect your mucous membranes and enable a rapid immune response.

Compared to the placebo group, the immune system recovered more quickly after intense exercise.

About the study

Science is not an afterthought. It is the foundation.

Nucleotides were tested in studies with athletes - with the result: fewer stress reactions, more support during regeneration.

Study: Nucleotides in Sports

Nucleotides are the natural building blocks of DNA and RNA. They play a role in cellular renewal and energy production—and can make the difference between burnout and optimal recovery, especially during periods of high stress.

About the study

After stress, such as antibiotic treatment, the balance in the gut can become unbalanced, and researchers have observed that the supplementary intake of nucleotides in such phases can help to accompany and support the diversity of "good" bacteria.

Study: Nucleotide for Gut Health

Nucleotides are the natural building blocks of DNA and RNA. They play a role in cellular renewal and energy production—and can make the difference between burnout and optimal recovery, especially during periods of high stress.

About the study

Research: Findings on Nucleotides and the Immune System

Research shows that metabolism and repair mechanisms change with age - and that the availability of nucleotides can also play a role in this.

Your immune system protects you from viruses and bacteria every day. Antibodies play a key role in this process by specifically identifying and neutralizing pathogens.

In order for cells to produce antibodies, they need one essential component: nucleotides—the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Without them, cell division, repair, and the production of new proteins would not be possible.

Sources
• Targeting Aging and Longevity with Exogenous Nucleotides (PMC)
• Dietary nucleotides improve markers of immune response (PMC)
• Nucleotide supplementation: a randomized double-blind trial (PMC)


 

Dietary nucleotides: effects on the cellular immune, intestinal, and hepatic systems. Carver JD. J Nutr. 1994 Jan;124(1 Suppl):144S-148S. doi:10.1093/jn/124.suppl_1.144S. PMID: 8283305 Review.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8283305/

 

Effect of dietary nucleotides on immune function in Balb/C mice. Xu M, Zhao M, Yang R, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang J. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013 Sep;17(1):50-6. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.032. Epub 2013 May 10. PMID:23669334
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23669334/

 

Effect of dietary nucleotides on response to bacterial infections. Kulkarni AD, Fanslow WC, Rudolph FB, Van Buren CT. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1986 Mar-Apr;10(2):169-71. doi: 10.1177/0148607186010002169. PMID: 2421021
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2421021/

 

Effect of dietary nucleotides on small intestinal repair after diarrhea. Histological and ultrastructural changes. Bueno J, Torres M, Almendros A, Carmona R, Nuñez MC, Rios A, Gil A. Gut. July 1994;35(7):926-33. doi: 10.1136/gut.35.7.926. PMID: 8063220 Free PMC article.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8063220/

 

Dietary Nucleotides Delay Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Zhu N, Liu X, Xu M, Li Y. Nutrients. 2021 Sep 20;13(9):3279. doi:10.3390/nu13093279. PMID: 34579157 Free PMC article.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34579157/

 

Why are dietary nucleotides essential nutrients? Grimble GK. Br J Nutr. Oct 1996;76(4):475-8. doi: 10.1079/bjn19960056. PMID: 8942356 No abstract available.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8942356/

 

Nonimmune system responses to dietary nucleotides. Uauy R. J Nutr. 1994 Jan;124(1 Suppl):157S-159S. doi:10.1093/jn/124.suppl_1.157S. PMID: 8283307 Review.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8283307/

 

Dietary nucleotides reverse malnutrition and starvation-induced immunosuppression. Pizzini RP, Kumar S, Kulkarni AD, Rudolph FB, Van Buren CT. Arch Surg. Jan 1990;125(1):86-9; discussion 90. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410130092012. PMID: 1688491
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1688491/

 

Davidson I, Fyfe I. A Randomized Double Placebo Controlled Trial of Nucleotide-Containing Supplement Nucell on Symptoms of Participants with the Common Cold - A Pilot Study. EC Nutrition. 2016;4.1:804-811.


Salobir J et al. Effect of nucleotide supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage induced by dietary oxidative stress in pigs. British Society of Animal Science. 2005;81:135-140